Beyond Hokkien: The lesser-known communities that shaped George Town
Penang's Chinese community is diverse, comprising not only Hokkiens but also Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Hainanese, Hockchew, Shanghainese, and Guangxi people. Chinese migration to Penang began in the 18th century, with merchants and indentured workers forming enclaves based on language and province of origin. Key locations like China Street and King Street housed important institutions and clan temples, reflecting the community's growth and organization. The Cantonese community was concentrated around Pitt, Bishop, Church, King, China, and Penang Streets, while the Hakka community resided around Church and King Streets.
