Zu Xi, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Battuta, and Liu Zhi: Forgotten front-runners of the confucian-Islamic dialogue — Osman Bakar and Phar Kim Beng
As Malaysia prepares to host the ASEAN GCC and China Summit in 2025, the article highlights the importance of revisiting the legacies of Zu Xi, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Battuta, and Liu Zhi. These historical figures, despite diverse backgrounds, offer a roadmap for bridging the Islamic and Confucian worlds. Their lives demonstrate the complementarity of these ethical systems, emphasizing reason, virtue, and harmony in building a just and knowledgeable society. The article explores synergies between Confucian self-cultivation and Islamic adab, as well as parallels between gewu and ijtihad. It also touches upon Ibn Khaldun's historical analysis of societal rise and fall.